diff --git a/models/auth/webauthn.go b/models/auth/webauthn.go
index d3062342f545b..8c8591d904340 100644
--- a/models/auth/webauthn.go
+++ b/models/auth/webauthn.go
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ type WebAuthnCredential struct {
 	PublicKey       []byte
 	AttestationType string
 	AAGUID          []byte
-	SignCount       uint32 `xorm:"BIGINT"`
-	CloneWarning    bool
+	SignCount       uint32             `xorm:"BIGINT"`
+	CloneWarning    bool               `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
 	CreatedUnix     timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX created"`
 	UpdatedUnix     timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX updated"`
 }
diff --git a/models/fixtures/repository.yml b/models/fixtures/repository.yml
index 82b3ed16dcccf..5f885740fe8b6 100644
--- a/models/fixtures/repository.yml
+++ b/models/fixtures/repository.yml
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
   num_watches: 4
   num_projects: 1
   num_closed_projects: 0
+  is_mirror: false
   status: 0
 
 -
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@
   num_closed_pulls: 0
   num_stars: 1
   close_issues_via_commit_in_any_branch: true
+  is_mirror: false
   status: 0
 
 -
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@
   owner_name: user3
   lower_name: repo3
   name: repo3
+  is_archived: false
   is_empty: false
   is_private: true
   num_issues: 1
@@ -50,6 +53,7 @@
   num_watches: 0
   num_projects: 1
   num_closed_projects: 0
+  is_mirror: false
   status: 0
 
 -
@@ -67,6 +71,7 @@
   num_stars: 1
   num_projects: 0
   num_closed_projects: 1
+  is_mirror: false
   status: 0
 
 -
@@ -224,6 +229,7 @@
   name: repo15
   is_empty: false
   is_private: true
+  is_mirror: false
   status: 0
 
 -
@@ -239,6 +245,7 @@
   num_pulls: 0
   num_closed_pulls: 0
   num_watches: 0
+  is_mirror: false
   status: 0
 
 -
@@ -495,6 +502,7 @@
   name: utf8
   is_empty: false
   is_private: false
+  is_mirror: false
   status: 0
 
 -
@@ -618,7 +626,7 @@
   num_forks: 0
   num_issues: 1
   num_milestones: 1
-  is_mirror:
+  is_mirror: false
   is_archived: false
 
 -
@@ -738,6 +746,7 @@
   num_watches: 0
   num_projects: 0
   num_closed_projects: 0
+  is_mirror: false
   status: 0
 
 -
@@ -758,6 +767,7 @@
   num_watches: 0
   num_projects: 0
   num_closed_projects: 0
+  is_mirror: false
   status: 0
 
 -
@@ -768,4 +778,5 @@
   name: empty
   is_empty: true
   is_private: true
+  is_mirror: false
   status: 0
diff --git a/models/fixtures/user.yml b/models/fixtures/user.yml
index 790156189a463..7aea31fd006d8 100644
--- a/models/fixtures/user.yml
+++ b/models/fixtures/user.yml
@@ -497,6 +497,7 @@
   avatar: avatar27
   avatar_email: user27@example.com
   num_repos: 3
+  is_active: true
 
 -
   id: 28
diff --git a/models/issues/issue.go b/models/issues/issue.go
index 737b625abc160..3e86c0e180963 100644
--- a/models/issues/issue.go
+++ b/models/issues/issue.go
@@ -106,25 +106,25 @@ type Issue struct {
 	RepoID           int64                  `xorm:"INDEX UNIQUE(repo_index)"`
 	Repo             *repo_model.Repository `xorm:"-"`
 	Index            int64                  `xorm:"UNIQUE(repo_index)"` // Index in one repository.
-	PosterID         int64                  `xorm:"INDEX"`
+	PosterID         int64                  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	Poster           *user_model.User       `xorm:"-"`
 	OriginalAuthor   string
-	OriginalAuthorID int64                  `xorm:"index"`
+	OriginalAuthorID int64                  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	Title            string                 `xorm:"name"`
 	Content          string                 `xorm:"LONGTEXT"`
 	RenderedContent  string                 `xorm:"-"`
 	Labels           []*Label               `xorm:"-"`
-	MilestoneID      int64                  `xorm:"INDEX"`
+	MilestoneID      int64                  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	Milestone        *Milestone             `xorm:"-"`
 	Project          *project_model.Project `xorm:"-"`
-	Priority         int
-	AssigneeID       int64            `xorm:"-"`
-	Assignee         *user_model.User `xorm:"-"`
-	IsClosed         bool             `xorm:"INDEX"`
-	IsRead           bool             `xorm:"-"`
-	IsPull           bool             `xorm:"INDEX"` // Indicates whether is a pull request or not.
-	PullRequest      *PullRequest     `xorm:"-"`
-	NumComments      int
+	Priority         int                    `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	AssigneeID       int64                  `xorm:"-"`
+	Assignee         *user_model.User       `xorm:"-"`
+	IsClosed         bool                   `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	IsRead           bool                   `xorm:"-"`
+	IsPull           bool                   `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"` // Indicates whether is a pull request or not.
+	PullRequest      *PullRequest           `xorm:"-"`
+	NumComments      int                    `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	Ref              string
 
 	DeadlineUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX"`
diff --git a/models/issues/label.go b/models/issues/label.go
index 667a608687436..77c1e8140aa2a 100644
--- a/models/issues/label.go
+++ b/models/issues/label.go
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ type Label struct {
 	OrgID           int64 `xorm:"INDEX"`
 	Name            string
 	Description     string
-	Color           string `xorm:"VARCHAR(7)"`
-	NumIssues       int
-	NumClosedIssues int
+	Color           string             `xorm:"VARCHAR(7)"`
+	NumIssues       int                `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	NumClosedIssues int                `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	CreatedUnix     timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX created"`
 	UpdatedUnix     timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX updated"`
 
diff --git a/models/issues/milestone.go b/models/issues/milestone.go
index 1021938b205ae..09cf13363a01e 100644
--- a/models/issues/milestone.go
+++ b/models/issues/milestone.go
@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ type Milestone struct {
 	Name            string
 	Content         string `xorm:"TEXT"`
 	RenderedContent string `xorm:"-"`
-	IsClosed        bool
-	NumIssues       int
-	NumClosedIssues int
-	NumOpenIssues   int  `xorm:"-"`
-	Completeness    int  // Percentage(1-100).
-	IsOverdue       bool `xorm:"-"`
+	IsClosed        bool   `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	NumIssues       int    `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	NumClosedIssues int    `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	NumOpenIssues   int    `xorm:"-"`
+	Completeness    int    `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"` // Percentage(1-100).
+	IsOverdue       bool   `xorm:"-"`
 
 	CreatedUnix    timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX created"`
 	UpdatedUnix    timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX updated"`
diff --git a/models/migrations/migrations.go b/models/migrations/migrations.go
index 2a38772180457..210041ad1c0f0 100644
--- a/models/migrations/migrations.go
+++ b/models/migrations/migrations.go
@@ -415,6 +415,8 @@ var migrations = []Migration{
 	NewMigration("Alter gpg_key/public_key content TEXT fields to MEDIUMTEXT", alterPublicGPGKeyContentFieldsToMediumText),
 	// v226 -> v227
 	NewMigration("Conan and generic packages do not need to be semantically versioned", fixPackageSemverField),
+	// v227 -> v228
+	NewMigration("Convert columns from NULL to NOT NULL DEFAULT", convertFromNullToDefault),
 }
 
 // GetCurrentDBVersion returns the current db version
@@ -981,8 +983,8 @@ func dropTableColumns(sess *xorm.Session, tableName string, columnNames ...strin
 	return nil
 }
 
-// modifyColumn will modify column's type or other property. SQLITE is not supported
-func modifyColumn(x *xorm.Engine, tableName string, col *schemas.Column) error {
+// modifyColumns will modify columns type or other property. SQLITE is not supported
+func modifyColumns(x *xorm.Engine, tableName string, cols ...*schemas.Column) error {
 	var indexes map[string]*schemas.Index
 	var err error
 	// MSSQL have to remove index at first, otherwise alter column will fail
@@ -1010,9 +1012,13 @@ func modifyColumn(x *xorm.Engine, tableName string, col *schemas.Column) error {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	alterSQL := x.Dialect().ModifyColumnSQL(tableName, col)
-	if _, err := x.Exec(alterSQL); err != nil {
-		return err
+	for _, col := range cols {
+		alterSQL := x.Dialect().ModifyColumnSQL(tableName, col)
+		if _, err := x.Exec(alterSQL); err != nil {
+			log.Error("Error modifying column: %v", col.Name)
+			return err
+		}
 	}
+
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/models/migrations/v165.go b/models/migrations/v165.go
index 87e1a24f2812a..e1185e65307d6 100644
--- a/models/migrations/v165.go
+++ b/models/migrations/v165.go
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func convertHookTaskTypeToVarcharAndTrim(x *xorm.Engine) error {
 		Typ string `xorm:"VARCHAR(16) index"`
 	}
 
-	if err := modifyColumn(x, "hook_task", &schemas.Column{
+	if err := modifyColumns(x, "hook_task", &schemas.Column{
 		Name: "typ",
 		SQLType: schemas.SQLType{
 			Name: "VARCHAR",
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func convertHookTaskTypeToVarcharAndTrim(x *xorm.Engine) error {
 		Type string `xorm:"VARCHAR(16) index"`
 	}
 
-	if err := modifyColumn(x, "webhook", &schemas.Column{
+	if err := modifyColumns(x, "webhook", &schemas.Column{
 		Name: "type",
 		SQLType: schemas.SQLType{
 			Name: "VARCHAR",
diff --git a/models/migrations/v179.go b/models/migrations/v179.go
index e6dddef27333a..20ec7950de154 100644
--- a/models/migrations/v179.go
+++ b/models/migrations/v179.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ func convertAvatarURLToText(x *xorm.Engine) error {
 	}
 
 	// Some oauth2 providers may give very long avatar urls (i.e. Google)
-	return modifyColumn(x, "external_login_user", &schemas.Column{
+	return modifyColumns(x, "external_login_user", &schemas.Column{
 		Name: "avatar_url",
 		SQLType: schemas.SQLType{
 			Name: schemas.Text,
diff --git a/models/migrations/v205.go b/models/migrations/v205.go
index 7aefa0431ac19..9bf78f67eda0c 100644
--- a/models/migrations/v205.go
+++ b/models/migrations/v205.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ func migrateUserPasswordSalt(x *xorm.Engine) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if err := modifyColumn(x, "user", &schemas.Column{
+	if err := modifyColumns(x, "user", &schemas.Column{
 		Name: "rands",
 		SQLType: schemas.SQLType{
 			Name: "VARCHAR",
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func migrateUserPasswordSalt(x *xorm.Engine) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	return modifyColumn(x, "user", &schemas.Column{
+	return modifyColumns(x, "user", &schemas.Column{
 		Name: "salt",
 		SQLType: schemas.SQLType{
 			Name: "VARCHAR",
diff --git a/models/migrations/v227.go b/models/migrations/v227.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a464492768998
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/migrations/v227.go
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package migrations
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/auth"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
+
+	"xorm.io/xorm"
+	"xorm.io/xorm/schemas"
+)
+
+func convertFromNullToDefault(x *xorm.Engine) error {
+	type Label struct {
+		ID              int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+		RepoID          int64 `xorm:"INDEX"`
+		OrgID           int64 `xorm:"INDEX"`
+		Name            string
+		Description     string
+		Color           string             `xorm:"VARCHAR(7)"`
+		NumIssues       int                `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumClosedIssues int                `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		CreatedUnix     timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX created"`
+		UpdatedUnix     timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX updated"`
+	}
+
+	type Milestone struct {
+		ID              int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+		RepoID          int64 `xorm:"INDEX"`
+		Name            string
+		Content         string `xorm:"TEXT"`
+		IsClosed        bool   `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+		NumIssues       int    `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumClosedIssues int    `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		Completeness    int    `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"` // Percentage(1-100).
+
+		CreatedUnix    timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX created"`
+		UpdatedUnix    timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX updated"`
+		DeadlineUnix   timeutil.TimeStamp
+		ClosedDateUnix timeutil.TimeStamp
+	}
+
+	type Issue struct {
+		ID               int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+		RepoID           int64 `xorm:"INDEX UNIQUE(repo_index)"`
+		Index            int64 `xorm:"UNIQUE(repo_index)"` // Index in one repository.
+		PosterID         int64 `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		OriginalAuthor   string
+		OriginalAuthorID int64  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		Title            string `xorm:"name"`
+		Content          string `xorm:"LONGTEXT"`
+		MilestoneID      int64  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		Priority         int    `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		IsClosed         bool   `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+		IsPull           bool   `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"` // Indicates whether is a pull request or not.
+		NumComments      int    `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		Ref              string
+
+		DeadlineUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX"`
+
+		CreatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX created"`
+		UpdatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX updated"`
+		ClosedUnix  timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX"`
+
+		// IsLocked limits commenting abilities to users on an issue
+		// with write access
+		IsLocked bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	}
+
+	type Team struct {
+		ID                      int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+		OrgID                   int64 `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		LowerName               string
+		Name                    string
+		Description             string
+		AccessMode              perm.AccessMode `xorm:"'authorize'"`
+		NumRepos                int             `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumMembers              int             `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		IncludesAllRepositories bool            `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+		CanCreateOrgRepo        bool            `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	}
+
+	type Attachment struct {
+		ID            int64  `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+		UUID          string `xorm:"uuid UNIQUE"`
+		RepoID        int64  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"` // this should not be zero
+		IssueID       int64  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"` // maybe zero when creating
+		ReleaseID     int64  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"` // maybe zero when creating
+		UploaderID    int64  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"` // Notice: will be zero before this column added
+		CommentID     int64  `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		Name          string
+		DownloadCount int64              `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		Size          int64              `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		CreatedUnix   timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
+	}
+
+	type Repository struct {
+		ID                  int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+		OwnerID             int64 `xorm:"UNIQUE(s) index"`
+		OwnerName           string
+		LowerName           string             `xorm:"UNIQUE(s) INDEX NOT NULL"`
+		Name                string             `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL"`
+		Description         string             `xorm:"TEXT"`
+		Website             string             `xorm:"VARCHAR(2048)"`
+		OriginalServiceType api.GitServiceType `xorm:"index"`
+		OriginalURL         string             `xorm:"VARCHAR(2048)"`
+		DefaultBranch       string
+
+		NumWatches          int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumStars            int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumForks            int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumIssues           int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumClosedIssues     int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumPulls            int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumClosedPulls      int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumMilestones       int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumClosedMilestones int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumProjects         int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumClosedProjects   int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+
+		IsPrivate  bool                  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+		IsEmpty    bool                  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT true"`
+		IsArchived bool                  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+		IsMirror   bool                  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+		Status     repo.RepositoryStatus `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+
+		IsFork                          bool     `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+		ForkID                          int64    `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		IsTemplate                      bool     `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+		TemplateID                      int64    `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		Size                            int64    `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		IsFsckEnabled                   bool     `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT true"`
+		CloseIssuesViaCommitInAnyBranch bool     `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+		Topics                          []string `xorm:"TEXT JSON"`
+
+		TrustModel repo.TrustModelType
+
+		// Avatar: ID(10-20)-md5(32) - must fit into 64 symbols
+		Avatar string `xorm:"VARCHAR(64)"`
+
+		CreatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX created"`
+		UpdatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX updated"`
+	}
+
+	type Topic struct {
+		ID          int64              `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+		Name        string             `xorm:"UNIQUE VARCHAR(50)"`
+		RepoCount   int                `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		CreatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX created"`
+		UpdatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX updated"`
+	}
+
+	type User struct {
+		ID        int64  `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+		LowerName string `xorm:"UNIQUE NOT NULL"`
+		Name      string `xorm:"UNIQUE NOT NULL"`
+		FullName  string
+		// Email is the primary email address (to be used for communication)
+		Email                        string `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
+		KeepEmailPrivate             bool   `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+		EmailNotificationsPreference string `xorm:"VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'enabled'"`
+		Passwd                       string `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
+		PasswdHashAlgo               string `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 'argon2'"`
+
+		// MustChangePassword is an attribute that determines if a user
+		// is to change his/her password after registration.
+		MustChangePassword bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+
+		LoginType   auth.Type
+		LoginSource int64 `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		LoginName   string
+		Type        user.UserType
+		Location    string
+		Website     string
+		Rands       string `xorm:"VARCHAR(32)"`
+		Salt        string `xorm:"VARCHAR(32)"`
+		Language    string `xorm:"VARCHAR(5)"`
+		Description string
+
+		CreatedUnix   timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX created"`
+		UpdatedUnix   timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX updated"`
+		LastLoginUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX"`
+
+		// Remember visibility choice for convenience, true for private
+		LastRepoVisibility bool
+		// Maximum repository creation limit, -1 means use global default
+		MaxRepoCreation int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT -1"`
+
+		// IsActive true: primary email is activated, user can access Web UI and Git SSH.
+		// false: an inactive user can only log in Web UI for account operations (ex: activate the account by email), no other access.
+		IsActive bool `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+		// the user is a Gitea admin, who can access all repositories and the admin pages.
+		IsAdmin bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+		// true: the user is only allowed to see organizations/repositories that they has explicit rights to.
+		// (ex: in private Gitea instances user won't be allowed to see even organizations/repositories that are set as public)
+		IsRestricted bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+
+		AllowGitHook            bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+		AllowImportLocal        bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"` // Allow migrate repository by local path
+		AllowCreateOrganization bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT true"`
+
+		// true: the user is not allowed to log in Web UI. Git/SSH access could still be allowed (please refer to Git/SSH access related code/documents)
+		ProhibitLogin bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+
+		// Avatar
+		Avatar          string `xorm:"VARCHAR(2048) NOT NULL"`
+		AvatarEmail     string `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
+		UseCustomAvatar bool   `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+
+		// Counters
+		NumFollowers int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumFollowing int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumStars     int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumRepos     int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+
+		// For organization
+		NumTeams                  int             `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		NumMembers                int             `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		Visibility                api.VisibleType `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		RepoAdminChangeTeamAccess bool            `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+
+		// Preferences
+		DiffViewStyle       string `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT ''"`
+		Theme               string `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT ''"`
+		KeepActivityPrivate bool   `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	}
+
+	type webauthnCredential struct {
+		ID              int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+		Name            string
+		LowerName       string `xorm:"unique(s)"`
+		UserID          int64  `xorm:"INDEX unique(s)"`
+		CredentialID    []byte `xorm:"INDEX VARBINARY(1024)"`
+		PublicKey       []byte
+		AttestationType string
+		AAGUID          []byte
+		SignCount       uint32             `xorm:"BIGINT"`
+		CloneWarning    bool               `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+		CreatedUnix     timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX created"`
+		UpdatedUnix     timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX updated"`
+	}
+
+	type UserBadge struct {
+		ID      int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+		BadgeID int64 `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+		UserID  int64 `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	}
+
+	beans := []interface{}{
+		&Label{},
+		&Milestone{},
+		&Issue{},
+		&Team{},
+		&Attachment{},
+		&Repository{},
+		&Topic{},
+		&User{},
+		&webauthnCredential{},
+		&UserBadge{},
+	}
+
+	if setting.Database.UseSQLite3 || setting.Database.UseMSSQL {
+		sess := x.NewSession()
+		defer sess.Close()
+		if err := sess.Begin(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		for _, bean := range beans {
+			if err := recreateTable(sess, bean); err != nil {
+				log.Error("Error recreating table '%v': %v", reflect.TypeOf(bean).Elem().Name(), err)
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		return sess.Commit()
+	}
+
+	for _, bean := range beans {
+		if err := setDefaultsForColumns(x, bean); err != nil {
+			log.Error("Error modifying columns of table '%v': %v", reflect.TypeOf(bean).Elem().Name(), err)
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func setDefaultsForColumns(x *xorm.Engine, bean interface{}) error {
+	table, err := x.TableInfo(bean)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	columns := []*schemas.Column{}
+
+	for _, c := range table.Columns() {
+		if c.Nullable || c.IsPrimaryKey || c.DefaultIsEmpty {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		_, err := x.Exec("UPDATE `" + table.Name + "` SET `" + c.Name + "` = " + c.Default + " WHERE `" + c.Name + "` IS NULL")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		columns = append(columns, c)
+	}
+
+	return modifyColumns(x, table.Name, columns...)
+}
diff --git a/models/organization/team.go b/models/organization/team.go
index bd80b1a8c7888..6e9f05d7c7571 100644
--- a/models/organization/team.go
+++ b/models/organization/team.go
@@ -66,18 +66,18 @@ const OwnerTeamName = "Owners"
 // Team represents a organization team.
 type Team struct {
 	ID                      int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-	OrgID                   int64 `xorm:"INDEX"`
+	OrgID                   int64 `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	LowerName               string
 	Name                    string
 	Description             string
 	AccessMode              perm.AccessMode          `xorm:"'authorize'"`
 	Repos                   []*repo_model.Repository `xorm:"-"`
 	Members                 []*user_model.User       `xorm:"-"`
-	NumRepos                int
-	NumMembers              int
-	Units                   []*TeamUnit `xorm:"-"`
-	IncludesAllRepositories bool        `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
-	CanCreateOrgRepo        bool        `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	NumRepos                int                      `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	NumMembers              int                      `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	Units                   []*TeamUnit              `xorm:"-"`
+	IncludesAllRepositories bool                     `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	CanCreateOrgRepo        bool                     `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
 }
 
 func init() {
diff --git a/models/repo/attachment.go b/models/repo/attachment.go
index afec78a4254b7..9603599517bff 100644
--- a/models/repo/attachment.go
+++ b/models/repo/attachment.go
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ import (
 type Attachment struct {
 	ID            int64  `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
 	UUID          string `xorm:"uuid UNIQUE"`
-	RepoID        int64  `xorm:"INDEX"`           // this should not be zero
-	IssueID       int64  `xorm:"INDEX"`           // maybe zero when creating
-	ReleaseID     int64  `xorm:"INDEX"`           // maybe zero when creating
-	UploaderID    int64  `xorm:"INDEX DEFAULT 0"` // Notice: will be zero before this column added
-	CommentID     int64
+	RepoID        int64  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"` // this should not be zero
+	IssueID       int64  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"` // maybe zero when creating
+	ReleaseID     int64  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"` // maybe zero when creating
+	UploaderID    int64  `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"` // Notice: will be zero before this column added
+	CommentID     int64  `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	Name          string
-	DownloadCount int64              `xorm:"DEFAULT 0"`
-	Size          int64              `xorm:"DEFAULT 0"`
+	DownloadCount int64              `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	Size          int64              `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	CreatedUnix   timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
 }
 
diff --git a/models/repo/repo.go b/models/repo/repo.go
index 4fd97dcd1ba34..bf8de623311d8 100644
--- a/models/repo/repo.go
+++ b/models/repo/repo.go
@@ -123,14 +123,14 @@ type Repository struct {
 	OriginalURL         string             `xorm:"VARCHAR(2048)"`
 	DefaultBranch       string
 
-	NumWatches          int
-	NumStars            int
-	NumForks            int
-	NumIssues           int
-	NumClosedIssues     int
+	NumWatches          int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	NumStars            int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	NumForks            int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	NumIssues           int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	NumClosedIssues     int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	NumOpenIssues       int `xorm:"-"`
-	NumPulls            int
-	NumClosedPulls      int
+	NumPulls            int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	NumClosedPulls      int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	NumOpenPulls        int `xorm:"-"`
 	NumMilestones       int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	NumClosedMilestones int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
@@ -139,10 +139,10 @@ type Repository struct {
 	NumClosedProjects   int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	NumOpenProjects     int `xorm:"-"`
 
-	IsPrivate  bool `xorm:"INDEX"`
-	IsEmpty    bool `xorm:"INDEX"`
-	IsArchived bool `xorm:"INDEX"`
-	IsMirror   bool `xorm:"INDEX"`
+	IsPrivate  bool `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	IsEmpty    bool `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT true"`
+	IsArchived bool `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	IsMirror   bool `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
 	*Mirror    `xorm:"-"`
 	Status     RepositoryStatus `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 
@@ -152,10 +152,10 @@ type Repository struct {
 	PrimaryLanguage        *LanguageStat     `xorm:"-"`
 
 	IsFork                          bool               `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
-	ForkID                          int64              `xorm:"INDEX"`
+	ForkID                          int64              `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	BaseRepo                        *Repository        `xorm:"-"`
 	IsTemplate                      bool               `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
-	TemplateID                      int64              `xorm:"INDEX"`
+	TemplateID                      int64              `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	Size                            int64              `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	CodeIndexerStatus               *RepoIndexerStatus `xorm:"-"`
 	StatsIndexerStatus              *RepoIndexerStatus `xorm:"-"`
diff --git a/models/repo/topic.go b/models/repo/topic.go
index 7ba9a49e894e7..5e3d80e5f4967 100644
--- a/models/repo/topic.go
+++ b/models/repo/topic.go
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ var topicPattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9-]*$`)
 
 // Topic represents a topic of repositories
 type Topic struct {
-	ID          int64  `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-	Name        string `xorm:"UNIQUE VARCHAR(50)"`
-	RepoCount   int
+	ID          int64              `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+	Name        string             `xorm:"UNIQUE VARCHAR(50)"`
+	RepoCount   int                `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	CreatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX created"`
 	UpdatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX updated"`
 }
diff --git a/models/user/badge.go b/models/user/badge.go
index 5ff840cb8c35e..94ec2712b799d 100644
--- a/models/user/badge.go
+++ b/models/user/badge.go
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ type Badge struct {
 // UserBadge represents a user badge
 type UserBadge struct {
 	ID      int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-	BadgeID int64
-	UserID  int64 `xorm:"INDEX"`
+	BadgeID int64 `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	UserID  int64 `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 }
 
 func init() {
diff --git a/models/user/user.go b/models/user/user.go
index a3c10c2492dd7..a3affea95123e 100644
--- a/models/user/user.go
+++ b/models/user/user.go
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ type User struct {
 	FullName  string
 	// Email is the primary email address (to be used for communication)
 	Email                        string `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
-	KeepEmailPrivate             bool
+	KeepEmailPrivate             bool   `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
 	EmailNotificationsPreference string `xorm:"VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'enabled'"`
 	Passwd                       string `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
 	PasswdHashAlgo               string `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 'argon2'"`
@@ -113,16 +113,16 @@ type User struct {
 
 	// IsActive true: primary email is activated, user can access Web UI and Git SSH.
 	// false: an inactive user can only log in Web UI for account operations (ex: activate the account by email), no other access.
-	IsActive bool `xorm:"INDEX"`
+	IsActive bool `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
 	// the user is a Gitea admin, who can access all repositories and the admin pages.
-	IsAdmin bool
+	IsAdmin bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
 	// true: the user is only allowed to see organizations/repositories that they has explicit rights to.
 	// (ex: in private Gitea instances user won't be allowed to see even organizations/repositories that are set as public)
 	IsRestricted bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
 
-	AllowGitHook            bool
-	AllowImportLocal        bool // Allow migrate repository by local path
-	AllowCreateOrganization bool `xorm:"DEFAULT true"`
+	AllowGitHook            bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	AllowImportLocal        bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"` // Allow migrate repository by local path
+	AllowCreateOrganization bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT true"`
 
 	// true: the user is not allowed to log in Web UI. Git/SSH access could still be allowed (please refer to Git/SSH access related code/documents)
 	ProhibitLogin bool `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
@@ -130,17 +130,17 @@ type User struct {
 	// Avatar
 	Avatar          string `xorm:"VARCHAR(2048) NOT NULL"`
 	AvatarEmail     string `xorm:"NOT NULL"`
-	UseCustomAvatar bool
+	UseCustomAvatar bool   `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
 
 	// Counters
-	NumFollowers int
+	NumFollowers int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	NumFollowing int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
-	NumStars     int
-	NumRepos     int
+	NumStars     int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	NumRepos     int `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 
 	// For organization
-	NumTeams                  int
-	NumMembers                int
+	NumTeams                  int                 `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	NumMembers                int                 `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	Visibility                structs.VisibleType `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
 	RepoAdminChangeTeamAccess bool                `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
 
diff --git a/models/user/user_test.go b/models/user/user_test.go
index 678d6c186cf1f..5f2ac0a60c17d 100644
--- a/models/user/user_test.go
+++ b/models/user/user_test.go
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func TestSearchUsers(t *testing.T) {
 		[]int64{9})
 
 	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{OrderBy: "id ASC", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsActive: util.OptionalBoolTrue},
-		[]int64{1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 24, 28, 29, 30, 32})
+		[]int64{1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32})
 
 	testUserSuccess(&user_model.SearchUserOptions{Keyword: "user1", OrderBy: "id ASC", ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1}, IsActive: util.OptionalBoolTrue},
 		[]int64{1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18})
diff --git a/routers/web/user/home_test.go b/routers/web/user/home_test.go
index 9ad0711dc0ade..36e99bba5e018 100644
--- a/routers/web/user/home_test.go
+++ b/routers/web/user/home_test.go
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func TestPulls(t *testing.T) {
 	Pulls(ctx)
 	assert.EqualValues(t, http.StatusOK, ctx.Resp.Status())
 
-	assert.Len(t, ctx.Data["Issues"], 3)
+	assert.Len(t, ctx.Data["Issues"], 4)
 }
 
 func TestMilestones(t *testing.T) {