Update module modernc.org/sqlite to v1.38.0 (#40621)

This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Change | Age | Adoption | Passing | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [modernc.org/sqlite](https://gitlab.com/cznic/sqlite) | `v1.37.1` ->
`v1.38.0` |
[![age](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/age/go/modernc.org%2fsqlite/v1.38.0?slim=true)](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/)
|
[![adoption](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/adoption/go/modernc.org%2fsqlite/v1.38.0?slim=true)](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/)
|
[![passing](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/compatibility/go/modernc.org%2fsqlite/v1.37.1/v1.38.0?slim=true)](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/)
|
[![confidence](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/confidence/go/modernc.org%2fsqlite/v1.37.1/v1.38.0?slim=true)](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/)
|

---

> [!WARNING]
> Some dependencies could not be looked up. Check the Dependency
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---

### Release Notes

<details>
<summary>cznic/sqlite (modernc.org/sqlite)</summary>

###
[`v1.38.0`](https://gitlab.com/cznic/sqlite/compare/v1.37.1...v1.38.0)

[Compare
Source](https://gitlab.com/cznic/sqlite/compare/v1.37.1...v1.38.0)

</details>

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Co-authored-by: renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: opentelemetrybot <[email protected]>

Author: renovate[bot]

extension/storage/dbstorage/go.mod

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/collector/extension/xextension v0.128.1-0.20250610090210-188191247685
 	go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
-	modernc.org/sqlite v1.37.1
+	modernc.org/sqlite v1.38.0
 )
 
 require (
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ require (
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.72.2 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.6 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	modernc.org/libc v1.65.7 // indirect
+	modernc.org/libc v1.65.10 // indirect
 	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
 	modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 // indirect
 	sigs.k8s.io/yaml v1.4.0 // indirect