[processor/transform] Instrument the transform processor to emit traces

[evan-bradley]

Component(s)

processor/transform

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

When working with complex data and/or a complex sequence of statements, it can be difficult to debug the transform processor to determine why data doesn't look like it should when coming out. The Collector has an OTel SDK that supports tracing, so we should take advantage of it.

Describe the solution you'd like

Instrument the transform processor so it emits traces. We should have traces for each statement that records whether the statement ran, and if it ran, what the invocation was.

We should ensure that the logs emitted from #33274 are associated with the traces so we can associate payloads with executions.

Describe alternatives you've considered

No response

Additional context

Some of this functionality may need to be implemented directly in OTTL.

[github-actions]

Pinging code owners for processor/transform: @TylerHelmuth @kentquirk @bogdandrutu @evan-bradley. See Adding Labels via Comments if you do not have permissions to add labels yourself.

[bacherfl]

@evan-bradley I would like to pick to pick this one up :)