siphash: Use ptr::copy_nonoverlapping for efficient data loading

Use `ptr::copy_nonoverlapping` (aka memcpy) to load an u64 from the
byte stream. This is correct for any alignment, and the compiler will
use the appropriate instruction to load the data.

Use unchecked indexing.

This results in a large improvement of throughput (hashed bytes
/ second) for long data. Maximum improvement benches at a 70% increase
in throughput for large values (> 256 bytes) but already values of 16
bytes or larger improve.

Introducing unchecked indexing is motivated to reach as good throughput
as possible. Using ptr::copy_nonoverlapping without unchecked indexing
would land the improvement some 20-30 pct units lower.

We use a debug assertion so that the test suite checks our use of
unchecked indexing.

Author: bluss

src/libcore/hash/sip.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 //! An implementation of SipHash 2-4.
 
+use ptr;
 use prelude::*;
 use super::Hasher;
 
@@ -65,6 +66,20 @@ macro_rules! u8to64_le {
     });
 }
 
+/// Load a full u64 word from a byte stream, in LE order. Use
+/// `copy_nonoverlapping` to let the compiler generate the most efficient way
+/// to load u64 from a possibly unaligned address.
+///
+/// Unsafe because: unchecked indexing at i..i+8
+#[inline]
+unsafe fn load_u64_le(buf: &[u8], i: usize) -> u64 {
+    debug_assert!(i + 8 <= buf.len());
+    let mut data = 0u64;
+    ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(buf.get_unchecked(i),
+                             &mut data as *mut _ as *mut u8, 8);
+    data.to_le()
+}
+
 macro_rules! rotl {
     ($x:expr, $b:expr) =>
     (($x << $b) | ($x >> (64_i32.wrapping_sub($b))))
@@ -151,7 +166,7 @@ impl SipHasher {
 
         let mut i = needed;
         while i < end {
-            let mi = u8to64_le!(msg, i);
+            let mi = unsafe { load_u64_le(msg, i) };
 
             self.v3 ^= mi;
             compress!(self.v0, self.v1, self.v2, self.v3);