diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
index f933b9b161ca9..31596a1e9bf88 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/ast.rs
@@ -2554,10 +2554,9 @@ pub enum AttrStyle {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct AttrId {
-        ENCODABLE = custom
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "AttrId({})"
-    }
+    #[custom_encodable]
+    #[debug_format = "AttrId({})]"]
+    pub struct AttrId {}
 }
 
 impl<S: Encoder> Encodable<S> for AttrId {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/node_id.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/node_id.rs
index 7b5acc3f48596..daa82996b3d11 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/node_id.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/node_id.rs
@@ -8,9 +8,8 @@ rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// This is later turned into [`DefId`] and `HirId` for the HIR.
     ///
     /// [`DefId`]: rustc_span::def_id::DefId
-    pub struct NodeId {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "NodeId({})"
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "NodeId({})"]
+    pub struct NodeId {}
 }
 
 rustc_data_structures::define_id_collections!(NodeMap, NodeSet, NodeMapEntry, NodeId);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/constraints/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/constraints/mod.rs
index 84a93e5f72e9d..1f0b8adeaf16c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/constraints/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/constraints/mod.rs
@@ -115,13 +115,11 @@ impl<'tcx> fmt::Debug for OutlivesConstraint<'tcx> {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct OutlivesConstraintIndex {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "OutlivesConstraintIndex({})"
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "OutlivesConstraintIndex({})"]
+    pub struct OutlivesConstraintIndex {}
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct ConstraintSccIndex {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "ConstraintSccIndex({})"
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "ConstraintSccIndex({})"]
+    pub struct ConstraintSccIndex {}
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/dataflow.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/dataflow.rs
index f825b1d8f70ef..8c4885770ad37 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/dataflow.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/dataflow.rs
@@ -108,9 +108,8 @@ impl_visitable! {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct BorrowIndex {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "bw{}"
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "bw{}"]
+    pub struct BorrowIndex {}
 }
 
 /// `Borrows` stores the data used in the analyses that track the flow
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/location.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/location.rs
index 9fa7e218b1b6f..288b7d85be2d4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/location.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/location.rs
@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@ pub struct LocationTable {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct LocationIndex {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "LocationIndex({})"
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "LocationIndex({})"]
+    pub struct LocationIndex {}
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/member_constraints.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/member_constraints.rs
index b5e00f471d26a..b63e286676ff4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/member_constraints.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/member_constraints.rs
@@ -55,9 +55,8 @@ pub(crate) struct NllMemberConstraint<'tcx> {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub(crate) struct NllMemberConstraintIndex {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "MemberConstraintIndex({})"
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "MemberConstraintIndex({})"]
+    pub(crate) struct NllMemberConstraintIndex {}
 }
 
 impl Default for MemberConstraintSet<'_, ty::RegionVid> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/values.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/values.rs
index 7498ddccf196a..c3dfeedc205f7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/values.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/region_infer/values.rs
@@ -90,12 +90,14 @@ impl RegionValueElements {
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// A single integer representing a `Location` in the MIR control-flow
     /// graph. Constructed efficiently from `RegionValueElements`.
-    pub struct PointIndex { DEBUG_FORMAT = "PointIndex({})" }
+    #[debug_format = "PointIndex({})"]
+    pub struct PointIndex {}
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// A single integer representing a `ty::Placeholder`.
-    pub struct PlaceholderIndex { DEBUG_FORMAT = "PlaceholderIndex({})" }
+    #[debug_format = "PlaceholderIndex({})"]
+    pub struct PlaceholderIndex {}
 }
 
 /// An individual element in a region value -- the value of a
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/liveness/local_use_map.rs b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/liveness/local_use_map.rs
index fda2cee43fbf1..8023ef60d2052 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/liveness/local_use_map.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_borrowck/src/type_check/liveness/local_use_map.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ struct Appearance {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct AppearanceIndex { .. }
+    pub struct AppearanceIndex {}
 }
 
 impl vll::LinkElem for Appearance {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/graph/dominators/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/graph/dominators/mod.rs
index 00913a483db0e..94a8c1fc051dd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/graph/dominators/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_data_structures/src/graph/dominators/mod.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ struct PreOrderFrame<Iter> {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    struct PreorderIndex { .. }
+    struct PreorderIndex {}
 }
 
 pub fn dominators<G: ControlFlowGraph>(graph: G) -> Dominators<G::Node> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir_id.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir_id.rs
index 060f40919f5c8..03bcaa6946825 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir_id.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/hir_id.rs
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// an "item-like" to something else can be implemented by a `Vec` instead of a
     /// tree or hash map.
     #[derive(HashStable_Generic)]
-    pub struct ItemLocalId { .. }
+    pub struct ItemLocalId {}
 }
 
 impl ItemLocalId {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/inherent_impls_overlap.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/inherent_impls_overlap.rs
index 972769eb19707..a9331af4eab32 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/inherent_impls_overlap.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/coherence/inherent_impls_overlap.rs
@@ -198,10 +198,10 @@ impl<'tcx> InherentOverlapChecker<'tcx> {
             // entire graph when there are many connected regions.
 
             rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-                pub struct RegionId {
-                    ENCODABLE = custom
-                }
+                #[custom_encodable]
+                pub struct RegionId {}
             }
+
             struct ConnectedRegion {
                 idents: SmallVec<[Symbol; 8]>,
                 impl_blocks: FxHashSet<usize>,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/arg_matrix.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/arg_matrix.rs
index fc83994caf539..6f26afcaf1680 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/arg_matrix.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/fn_ctxt/arg_matrix.rs
@@ -4,15 +4,13 @@ use rustc_index::vec::IndexVec;
 use rustc_middle::ty::error::TypeError;
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub(crate) struct ExpectedIdx {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "ExpectedIdx({})",
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "ExpectedIdx({})"]
+    pub(crate) struct ExpectedIdx {}
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub(crate) struct ProvidedIdx {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "ProvidedIdx({})",
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "ProvidedIdx({})"]
+    pub(crate) struct ProvidedIdx {}
 }
 
 impl ExpectedIdx {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/drop_ranges/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/drop_ranges/mod.rs
index 2abcadcc9ce7d..2f55ea939fc0b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/drop_ranges/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/generator_interior/drop_ranges/mod.rs
@@ -96,15 +96,13 @@ fn for_each_consumable<'tcx>(hir: Map<'tcx>, place: TrackedValue, mut f: impl Fn
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct PostOrderId {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "id({})",
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "id({})"]
+    pub struct PostOrderId {}
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct TrackedValueIndex {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "hidx({})",
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "hidx({})"]
+    pub struct TrackedValueIndex {}
 }
 
 /// Identifies a value whose drop state we need to track.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_index/src/vec/tests.rs b/compiler/rustc_index/src/vec/tests.rs
index 915d2e8bcb3ff..cb0f0db220d97 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_index/src/vec/tests.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_index/src/vec/tests.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@
 // Allows the macro invocation below to work
 use crate as rustc_index;
 
-rustc_macros::newtype_index!(struct MyIdx { MAX = 0xFFFF_FFFA });
+rustc_macros::newtype_index! {
+    #[max = 0xFFFF_FFFA]
+    struct MyIdx {}
+}
 
 #[test]
 fn index_size_is_optimized() {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/leak_check.rs b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/leak_check.rs
index 22b4bbb17d47f..c46edc33ff40c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/leak_check.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/src/infer/region_constraints/leak_check.rs
@@ -357,15 +357,13 @@ impl<'tcx> SccUniverse<'tcx> {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    struct LeakCheckNode {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "LeakCheckNode({})"
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "LeakCheckNode({})"]
+    struct LeakCheckNode {}
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    struct LeakCheckScc {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "LeakCheckScc({})"
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "LeakCheckScc({})"]
+    struct LeakCheckScc {}
 }
 
 /// Represents the graph of constraints. For each `R1: R2` constraint we create
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/levels.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/levels.rs
index 847c356b83c0b..e9d3d44a3f9f9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/levels.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/levels.rs
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ struct LintLevelSets {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
+    #[custom_encodable] // we don't need encoding
     struct LintStackIndex {
-        ENCODABLE = custom, // we don't need encoding
-        const COMMAND_LINE = 0,
+        const COMMAND_LINE = 0;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_macros/src/newtype.rs b/compiler/rustc_macros/src/newtype.rs
index fd3f522515550..153473de62449 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_macros/src/newtype.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_macros/src/newtype.rs
@@ -1,35 +1,15 @@
 use proc_macro2::{Span, TokenStream};
 use quote::quote;
 use syn::parse::*;
-use syn::punctuated::Punctuated;
 use syn::*;
 
-mod kw {
-    syn::custom_keyword!(derive);
-    syn::custom_keyword!(DEBUG_FORMAT);
-    syn::custom_keyword!(MAX);
-    syn::custom_keyword!(ENCODABLE);
-    syn::custom_keyword!(custom);
-    syn::custom_keyword!(ORD_IMPL);
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum DebugFormat {
-    // The user will provide a custom `Debug` impl, so we shouldn't generate
-    // one
-    Custom,
-    // Use the specified format string in the generated `Debug` impl
-    // By default, this is "{}"
-    Format(String),
-}
-
 // We parse the input and emit the output in a single step.
 // This field stores the final macro output
 struct Newtype(TokenStream);
 
 impl Parse for Newtype {
     fn parse(input: ParseStream<'_>) -> Result<Self> {
-        let attrs = input.call(Attribute::parse_outer)?;
+        let mut attrs = input.call(Attribute::parse_outer)?;
         let vis: Visibility = input.parse()?;
         input.parse::<Token![struct]>()?;
         let name: Ident = input.parse()?;
@@ -39,93 +19,68 @@ impl Parse for Newtype {
 
         // Any additional `#[derive]` macro paths to apply
         let mut derive_paths: Vec<Path> = Vec::new();
-        let mut debug_format: Option<DebugFormat> = None;
+        let mut debug_format: Option<Lit> = None;
         let mut max = None;
         let mut consts = Vec::new();
         let mut encodable = true;
         let mut ord = true;
 
-        // Parse an optional trailing comma
-        let try_comma = || -> Result<()> {
-            if body.lookahead1().peek(Token![,]) {
-                body.parse::<Token![,]>()?;
-            }
-            Ok(())
-        };
-
-        if body.lookahead1().peek(Token![..]) {
-            body.parse::<Token![..]>()?;
-        } else {
-            loop {
-                if body.lookahead1().peek(kw::derive) {
-                    body.parse::<kw::derive>()?;
-                    let derives;
-                    bracketed!(derives in body);
-                    let derives: Punctuated<Path, Token![,]> =
-                        derives.parse_terminated(Path::parse)?;
-                    try_comma()?;
-                    derive_paths.extend(derives);
-                    continue;
-                }
-                if body.lookahead1().peek(kw::DEBUG_FORMAT) {
-                    body.parse::<kw::DEBUG_FORMAT>()?;
-                    body.parse::<Token![=]>()?;
-                    let new_debug_format = if body.lookahead1().peek(kw::custom) {
-                        body.parse::<kw::custom>()?;
-                        DebugFormat::Custom
-                    } else {
-                        let format_str: LitStr = body.parse()?;
-                        DebugFormat::Format(format_str.value())
-                    };
-                    try_comma()?;
-                    if let Some(old) = debug_format.replace(new_debug_format) {
-                        panic!("Specified multiple debug format options: {:?}", old);
-                    }
-                    continue;
-                }
-                if body.lookahead1().peek(kw::MAX) {
-                    body.parse::<kw::MAX>()?;
-                    body.parse::<Token![=]>()?;
-                    let val: Lit = body.parse()?;
-                    try_comma()?;
-                    if let Some(old) = max.replace(val) {
-                        panic!("Specified multiple MAX: {:?}", old);
-                    }
-                    continue;
-                }
-                if body.lookahead1().peek(kw::ENCODABLE) {
-                    body.parse::<kw::ENCODABLE>()?;
-                    body.parse::<Token![=]>()?;
-                    body.parse::<kw::custom>()?;
-                    try_comma()?;
+        attrs.retain(|attr| match attr.path.get_ident() {
+            Some(ident) => match &*ident.to_string() {
+                "custom_encodable" => {
                     encodable = false;
-                    continue;
+                    false
                 }
-                if body.lookahead1().peek(kw::ORD_IMPL) {
-                    body.parse::<kw::ORD_IMPL>()?;
-                    body.parse::<Token![=]>()?;
-                    body.parse::<kw::custom>()?;
+                "no_ord_impl" => {
                     ord = false;
-                    continue;
+                    false
                 }
+                "max" => {
+                    let Ok(Meta::NameValue(literal) )= attr.parse_meta() else {
+                        panic!("#[max = NUMBER] attribute requires max value");
+                    };
+
+                    if let Some(old) = max.replace(literal.lit) {
+                        panic!("Specified multiple max: {:?}", old);
+                    }
 
-                // We've parsed everything that the user provided, so we're done
-                if body.is_empty() {
-                    break;
+                    false
                 }
+                "debug_format" => {
+                    let Ok(Meta::NameValue(literal) )= attr.parse_meta() else {
+                        panic!("#[debug_format = FMT] attribute requires a format");
+                    };
+
+                    if let Some(old) = debug_format.replace(literal.lit) {
+                        panic!("Specified multiple debug format options: {:?}", old);
+                    }
 
-                // Otherwise, we are parsing a user-defined constant
-                let const_attrs = body.call(Attribute::parse_outer)?;
-                body.parse::<Token![const]>()?;
-                let const_name: Ident = body.parse()?;
-                body.parse::<Token![=]>()?;
-                let const_val: Expr = body.parse()?;
-                try_comma()?;
-                consts.push(quote! { #(#const_attrs)* #vis const #const_name: #name = #name::from_u32(#const_val); });
+                    false
+                }
+                _ => true,
+            },
+            _ => true,
+        });
+
+        loop {
+            // We've parsed everything that the user provided, so we're done
+            if body.is_empty() {
+                break;
             }
+
+            // Otherwise, we are parsing a user-defined constant
+            let const_attrs = body.call(Attribute::parse_outer)?;
+            body.parse::<Token![const]>()?;
+            let const_name: Ident = body.parse()?;
+            body.parse::<Token![=]>()?;
+            let const_val: Expr = body.parse()?;
+            body.parse::<Token![;]>()?;
+            consts.push(quote! { #(#const_attrs)* #vis const #const_name: #name = #name::from_u32(#const_val); });
         }
 
-        let debug_format = debug_format.unwrap_or(DebugFormat::Format("{}".to_string()));
+        let debug_format =
+            debug_format.unwrap_or_else(|| Lit::Str(LitStr::new("{}", Span::call_site())));
+
         // shave off 256 indices at the end to allow space for packing these indices into enums
         let max = max.unwrap_or_else(|| Lit::Int(LitInt::new("0xFFFF_FF00", Span::call_site())));
 
@@ -180,18 +135,14 @@ impl Parse for Newtype {
             quote! {}
         };
 
-        let debug_impl = match debug_format {
-            DebugFormat::Custom => quote! {},
-            DebugFormat::Format(format) => {
-                quote! {
-                    impl ::std::fmt::Debug for #name {
-                        fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::std::fmt::Result {
-                            write!(fmt, #format, self.as_u32())
-                        }
-                    }
+        let debug_impl = quote! {
+            impl ::std::fmt::Debug for #name {
+                fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut ::std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::std::fmt::Result {
+                    write!(fmt, #debug_format, self.as_u32())
                 }
             }
         };
+
         let spec_partial_eq_impl = if let Lit::Int(max) = &max {
             if let Ok(max_val) = max.base10_parse::<u32>() {
                 quote! {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/region.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/region.rs
index c886175c6ea0e..94ca38c0e758f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/region.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/middle/region.rs
@@ -147,9 +147,8 @@ rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     ///
     /// * The subscope with `first_statement_index == 1` is scope of `c`,
     ///   and thus does not include EXPR_2, but covers the `...`.
-    pub struct FirstStatementIndex {
-        derive [HashStable]
-    }
+    #[derive(HashStable)]
+    pub struct FirstStatementIndex {}
 }
 
 // compilation error if size of `ScopeData` is not the same as a `u32`
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs
index 0b55757eb0382..e7bb3ab0bc352 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// CounterValueReference.as_u32() (which ascend from 1) or an ExpressionOperandId.as_u32()
     /// (which _*descend*_ from u32::MAX). Id value `0` (zero) represents a virtual counter with a
     /// constant value of `0`.
+    #[derive(HashStable)]
+    #[max = 0xFFFF_FFFF]
+    #[debug_format = "ExpressionOperandId({})"]
     pub struct ExpressionOperandId {
-        derive [HashStable]
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "ExpressionOperandId({})",
-        MAX = 0xFFFF_FFFF,
     }
 }
 
@@ -32,11 +32,10 @@ impl ExpressionOperandId {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct CounterValueReference {
-        derive [HashStable]
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "CounterValueReference({})",
-        MAX = 0xFFFF_FFFF,
-    }
+    #[derive(HashStable)]
+    #[max = 0xFFFF_FFFF]
+    #[debug_format = "CounterValueReference({})"]
+    pub struct CounterValueReference {}
 }
 
 impl CounterValueReference {
@@ -56,33 +55,30 @@ rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// InjectedExpressionId.as_u32() converts to ExpressionOperandId.as_u32()
     ///
     /// Values descend from u32::MAX.
-    pub struct InjectedExpressionId {
-        derive [HashStable]
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "InjectedExpressionId({})",
-        MAX = 0xFFFF_FFFF,
-    }
+    #[derive(HashStable)]
+    #[max = 0xFFFF_FFFF]
+    #[debug_format = "InjectedExpressionId({})"]
+    pub struct InjectedExpressionId {}
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// InjectedExpressionIndex.as_u32() translates to u32::MAX - ExpressionOperandId.as_u32()
     ///
     /// Values ascend from 0.
-    pub struct InjectedExpressionIndex {
-        derive [HashStable]
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "InjectedExpressionIndex({})",
-        MAX = 0xFFFF_FFFF,
-    }
+    #[derive(HashStable)]
+    #[max = 0xFFFF_FFFF]
+    #[debug_format = "InjectedExpressionIndex({})"]
+    pub struct InjectedExpressionIndex {}
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// MappedExpressionIndex values ascend from zero, and are recalculated indexes based on their
     /// array position in the LLVM coverage map "Expressions" array, which is assembled during the
     /// "mapgen" process. They cannot be computed algorithmically, from the other `newtype_index`s.
-    pub struct MappedExpressionIndex {
-        derive [HashStable]
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "MappedExpressionIndex({})",
-        MAX = 0xFFFF_FFFF,
-    }
+    #[derive(HashStable)]
+    #[max = 0xFFFF_FFFF]
+    #[debug_format = "MappedExpressionIndex({})"]
+    pub struct MappedExpressionIndex {}
 }
 
 impl From<CounterValueReference> for ExpressionOperandId {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs
index e909b2f74aa16..454cfc6e65ba6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/mod.rs
@@ -654,10 +654,10 @@ impl SourceInfo {
 // Variables and temps
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
+    #[derive(HashStable)]
+    #[debug_format = "_{}"]
     pub struct Local {
-        derive [HashStable]
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "_{}",
-        const RETURN_PLACE = 0,
+        const RETURN_PLACE = 0;
     }
 }
 
@@ -1146,10 +1146,10 @@ rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     ///     https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/appendix/background.html#what-is-a-dataflow-analysis
     /// [`CriticalCallEdges`]: ../../rustc_const_eval/transform/add_call_guards/enum.AddCallGuards.html#variant.CriticalCallEdges
     /// [guide-mir]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/mir/
+    #[derive(HashStable)]
+    #[debug_format = "bb{}"]
     pub struct BasicBlock {
-        derive [HashStable]
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "bb{}",
-        const START_BLOCK = 0,
+        const START_BLOCK = 0;
     }
 }
 
@@ -1530,10 +1530,9 @@ rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// [wrapper]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/appendix/glossary.html#newtype
     /// [CFG]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/appendix/background.html#cfg
     /// [mir-datatypes]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/mir/index.html#mir-data-types
-    pub struct Field {
-        derive [HashStable]
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "field[{}]"
-    }
+    #[derive(HashStable)]
+    #[debug_format = "field[{}]"]
+    pub struct Field {}
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
@@ -1757,10 +1756,10 @@ impl Debug for Place<'_> {
 // Scopes
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
+    #[derive(HashStable)]
+    #[debug_format = "scope[{}]"]
     pub struct SourceScope {
-        derive [HashStable]
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "scope[{}]",
-        const OUTERMOST_SOURCE_SCOPE = 0,
+        const OUTERMOST_SOURCE_SCOPE = 0;
     }
 }
 
@@ -2755,10 +2754,9 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeVisitable<'tcx> for UserTypeProjection {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct Promoted {
-        derive [HashStable]
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "promoted[{}]"
-    }
+    #[derive(HashStable)]
+    #[debug_format = "promoted[{}]"]
+    pub struct Promoted {}
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> Debug for Constant<'tcx> {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/query.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/query.rs
index efd7357afc46c..a8a4532223c2d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/query.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/query.rs
@@ -130,10 +130,9 @@ pub struct UnsafetyCheckResult {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct GeneratorSavedLocal {
-        derive [HashStable]
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "_{}",
-    }
+    #[derive(HashStable)]
+    #[debug_format = "_{}"]
+    pub struct GeneratorSavedLocal {}
 }
 
 /// The layout of generator state.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/thir.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/thir.rs
index 8bef9dfe099b9..ac903010c8d31 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/thir.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/thir.rs
@@ -35,9 +35,8 @@ macro_rules! thir_with_elements {
         $(
             newtype_index! {
                 #[derive(HashStable)]
-                pub struct $id {
-                    DEBUG_FORMAT = $format
-                }
+                #[debug_format = $format]
+                pub struct $id {}
             }
         )*
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs
index 3c6800cf293de..30073b541ecbd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/structural_impls.rs
@@ -99,12 +99,6 @@ impl<'tcx> fmt::Debug for ty::ConstVid<'tcx> {
     }
 }
 
-impl fmt::Debug for ty::RegionVid {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "'_#{}r", self.index())
-    }
-}
-
 impl<'tcx> fmt::Debug for ty::TraitRef<'tcx> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         with_no_trimmed_paths!(fmt::Display::fmt(self, f))
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
index 66aeebab88ba0..e13b68c83b57c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/sty.rs
@@ -1378,9 +1378,8 @@ pub struct ConstVid<'tcx> {
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// A **region** (lifetime) **v**ariable **ID**.
     #[derive(HashStable)]
-    pub struct RegionVid {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = custom,
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "'_#{}r"]
+    pub struct RegionVid {}
 }
 
 impl Atom for RegionVid {
@@ -1391,7 +1390,7 @@ impl Atom for RegionVid {
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     #[derive(HashStable)]
-    pub struct BoundVar { .. }
+    pub struct BoundVar {}
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/typeck_results.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/typeck_results.rs
index 4fe85d4366f3e..136a4906c58de 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/typeck_results.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/typeck_results.rs
@@ -608,10 +608,10 @@ impl<'a, V> LocalTableInContextMut<'a, V> {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
+    #[derive(HashStable)]
+    #[debug_format = "UserType({})"]
     pub struct UserTypeAnnotationIndex {
-        derive [HashStable]
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "UserType({})",
-        const START_INDEX = 0,
+        const START_INDEX = 0;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs
index 7af89dd472f88..c785dfb500fc9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/mod.rs
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ struct CFG<'tcx> {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    struct ScopeId { .. }
+    struct ScopeId {}
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/scope.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/scope.rs
index 33f49ffdaf640..c92634a609de0 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/scope.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/build/scope.rs
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ pub(crate) enum BreakableTarget {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    struct DropIdx { .. }
+    struct DropIdx {}
 }
 
 const ROOT_NODE: DropIdx = DropIdx::from_u32(0);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/move_paths/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/move_paths/mod.rs
index b36e268cf8bf7..9b053985bedf6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/move_paths/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_dataflow/src/move_paths/mod.rs
@@ -14,9 +14,8 @@ use self::abs_domain::{AbstractElem, Lift};
 mod abs_domain;
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct MovePathIndex {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "mp{}"
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "mp{}"]
+    pub struct MovePathIndex {}
 }
 
 impl polonius_engine::Atom for MovePathIndex {
@@ -26,15 +25,13 @@ impl polonius_engine::Atom for MovePathIndex {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct MoveOutIndex {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "mo{}"
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "mo{}"]
+    pub struct MoveOutIndex {}
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct InitIndex {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "in{}"
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "in{}"]
+    pub struct InitIndex {}
 }
 
 impl MoveOutIndex {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/graph.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/graph.rs
index 782129be088b6..78d28f1ebab7c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/graph.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/coverage/graph.rs
@@ -282,9 +282,9 @@ impl graph::WithPredecessors for CoverageGraph {
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// A node in the control-flow graph of CoverageGraph.
+    #[debug_format = "bcb{}"]
     pub(super) struct BasicCoverageBlock {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "bcb{}",
-        const START_BCB = 0,
+        const START_BCB = 0;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs
index 1f65cc8b60967..b49432b79962b 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/liveness.rs
@@ -108,15 +108,13 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 mod rwu_table;
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct Variable {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "v({})",
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "v({})"]
+    pub struct Variable {}
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct LiveNode {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "ln({})",
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "ln({})"]
+    pub struct LiveNode {}
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs
index 0e7d628c1eb63..52957ee022238 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/graph.rs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub struct DepGraph<K: DepKind> {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct DepNodeIndex { .. }
+    pub struct DepNodeIndex {}
 }
 
 impl DepNodeIndex {
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ pub struct WorkProduct {
 
 // Index type for `DepNodeData`'s edges.
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    struct EdgeIndex { .. }
+    struct EdgeIndex {}
 }
 
 /// `CurrentDepGraph` stores the dependency graph for the current session. It
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/serialized.rs b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/serialized.rs
index d292f4beef2eb..a918328d4130e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/serialized.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_query_system/src/dep_graph/serialized.rs
@@ -27,9 +27,8 @@ use smallvec::SmallVec;
 // unused so that we can store multiple index types in `CompressedHybridIndex`,
 // and use those bits to encode which index type it contains.
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct SerializedDepNodeIndex {
-        MAX = 0x7FFF_FFFF
-    }
+    #[max = 0x7FFF_FFFF]
+    pub struct SerializedDepNodeIndex {}
 }
 
 /// Data for use when recompiling the **current crate**.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/def_id.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/def_id.rs
index e62ce2c266aa0..221f65b66e6d4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/def_id.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/def_id.rs
@@ -10,10 +10,9 @@ use std::fmt;
 use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct CrateNum {
-        ENCODABLE = custom
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "crate{}"
-    }
+    #[custom_encodable]
+    #[debug_format = "crate{}"]
+    pub struct CrateNum {}
 }
 
 /// Item definitions in the currently-compiled crate would have the `CrateNum`
@@ -194,13 +193,12 @@ rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// A DefIndex is an index into the hir-map for a crate, identifying a
     /// particular definition. It should really be considered an interned
     /// shorthand for a particular DefPath.
+    #[custom_encodable] // (only encodable in metadata)
+    #[debug_format = "DefIndex({})"]
     pub struct DefIndex {
-        ENCODABLE = custom // (only encodable in metadata)
-
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "DefIndex({})",
         /// The crate root is always assigned index 0 by the AST Map code,
         /// thanks to `NodeCollector::new`.
-        const CRATE_DEF_INDEX = 0,
+        const CRATE_DEF_INDEX = 0;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs
index 038699154c727..c2d8287f2431d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/hygiene.rs
@@ -61,9 +61,8 @@ pub struct SyntaxContextData {
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// A unique ID associated with a macro invocation and expansion.
-    pub struct ExpnIndex {
-        ENCODABLE = custom
-    }
+    #[custom_encodable]
+    pub struct ExpnIndex {}
 }
 
 /// A unique ID associated with a macro invocation and expansion.
@@ -82,11 +81,10 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ExpnId {
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// A unique ID associated with a macro invocation and expansion.
-    pub struct LocalExpnId {
-        ENCODABLE = custom
-        ORD_IMPL = custom
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "expn{}"
-    }
+    #[custom_encodable]
+    #[no_ord_impl]
+    #[debug_format = "expn{}"]
+    pub struct LocalExpnId {}
 }
 
 // To ensure correctness of incremental compilation,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
index ace095736c92f..8014ae9c511f7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs
@@ -1801,7 +1801,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for MacroRulesNormalizedIdent {
 pub struct Symbol(SymbolIndex);
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    struct SymbolIndex { .. }
+    struct SymbolIndex {}
 }
 
 impl Symbol {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_target/src/abi/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_target/src/abi/mod.rs
index 53c9878ab8740..88a0a1f8ecfde 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_target/src/abi/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_target/src/abi/mod.rs
@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@ impl ToJson for Endian {
 }
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
-    pub struct VariantIdx {
-        derive [HashStable_Generic]
-    }
+    #[derive(HashStable_Generic)]
+    pub struct VariantIdx {}
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, HashStable_Generic)]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/lib.rs
index c992dbccd62d5..dd36a5c7a2169 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_type_ir/src/lib.rs
@@ -301,9 +301,9 @@ rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     ///
     /// [dbi]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Bruijn_index
     #[derive(HashStable_Generic)]
+    #[debug_format = "DebruijnIndex({})"]
     pub struct DebruijnIndex {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "DebruijnIndex({})",
-        const INNERMOST = 0,
+        const INNERMOST = 0;
     }
 }
 
@@ -499,9 +499,8 @@ pub struct FloatVarValue(pub FloatTy);
 
 rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// A **ty**pe **v**ariable **ID**.
-    pub struct TyVid {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "_#{}t"
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "_#{}t"]
+    pub struct TyVid {}
 }
 
 /// An **int**egral (`u32`, `i32`, `usize`, etc.) type **v**ariable **ID**.
@@ -788,9 +787,8 @@ rustc_index::newtype_index! {
     /// type -- an idealized representative of "types in general" that we
     /// use for checking generic functions.
     #[derive(HashStable_Generic)]
-    pub struct UniverseIndex {
-        DEBUG_FORMAT = "U{}",
-    }
+    #[debug_format = "U{}"]
+    pub struct UniverseIndex {}
 }
 
 impl UniverseIndex {