diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index 3abb02c650..deea3e6a7e 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -121,6 +121,11 @@ core developer team.
 
 * `sec_axis()` now accepts functions as well as formulas (@yutannihilation, #3031).
 
+*   New theme elements allowing different ticks lengths for each axis. For instance,
+    this can be used to have inwards ticks on the x-axis (`axis.ticks.length.x`) and
+    outwards ticks on the y-axis (`axis.ticks.length.y`) (@pank, #2935).
+
+
 # ggplot2 3.1.0
 
 ## Breaking changes
@@ -230,7 +235,6 @@ This is a minor release and breaking changes have been kept to a minimum. End us
     `nlevel`, an alias for `scaled`, to better match the syntax of `stat_bin()`
     (@bjreisman, #2679).
 
-
 # ggplot2 3.0.0
 
 ## Breaking changes
diff --git a/R/guides-axis.r b/R/guides-axis.r
index 836c11eee6..52eefea69d 100644
--- a/R/guides-axis.r
+++ b/R/guides-axis.r
@@ -14,6 +14,31 @@ guide_axis <- function(at, labels, position = "right", theme) {
   zero <- unit(0, "npc")
   one <- unit(1, "npc")
 
+  theme$axis.ticks.length.x.bottom <- with(
+    theme,
+    axis.ticks.length.x.bottom %||%
+      axis.ticks.length.x %||%
+      axis.ticks.length
+  )
+  theme$axis.ticks.length.x.top <- with(
+    theme,
+    axis.ticks.length.x.top %||%
+      axis.ticks.length.x %||%
+      axis.ticks.length
+  )
+  theme$axis.ticks.length.y.left <- with(
+    theme,
+    axis.ticks.length.y.left %||%
+      axis.ticks.length.y %||%
+      axis.ticks.length
+  )
+  theme$axis.ticks.length.y.right <- with(
+    theme,
+    axis.ticks.length.y.right %||%
+      axis.ticks.length.y %||%
+      axis.ticks.length
+  )
+
   label_render <- switch(position,
     top = "axis.text.x.top", bottom = "axis.text.x.bottom",
     left = "axis.text.y.left", right = "axis.text.y.right"
@@ -22,12 +47,12 @@ guide_axis <- function(at, labels, position = "right", theme) {
   label_x <- switch(position,
     top = ,
     bottom = at,
-    right = theme$axis.ticks.length,
-    left = one - theme$axis.ticks.length
+    right = theme$axis.ticks.length.y.right,
+    left = one - theme$axis.ticks.length.y.left
   )
   label_y <- switch(position,
-    top = theme$axis.ticks.length,
-    bottom = one - theme$axis.ticks.length,
+    top = theme$axis.ticks.length.x.top,
+    bottom = one - theme$axis.ticks.length.x.bottom,
     right = ,
     left = at
   )
@@ -58,18 +83,18 @@ guide_axis <- function(at, labels, position = "right", theme) {
   ticks <- switch(position,
     top = element_render(theme, "axis.ticks.x.top",
       x          = rep(at, each = 2),
-      y          = rep(unit.c(zero, theme$axis.ticks.length), nticks),
+      y          = rep(unit.c(zero, theme$axis.ticks.length.x.top), nticks),
       id.lengths = rep(2, nticks)),
     bottom = element_render(theme, "axis.ticks.x.bottom",
       x          = rep(at, each = 2),
-      y          = rep(unit.c(one - theme$axis.ticks.length, one), nticks),
+      y          = rep(unit.c(one - theme$axis.ticks.length.x.bottom, one), nticks),
       id.lengths = rep(2, nticks)),
     right = element_render(theme, "axis.ticks.y.right",
-      x          = rep(unit.c(zero, theme$axis.ticks.length), nticks),
+      x          = rep(unit.c(zero, theme$axis.ticks.length.y.right), nticks),
       y          = rep(at, each = 2),
       id.lengths = rep(2, nticks)),
     left = element_render(theme, "axis.ticks.y.left",
-      x          = rep(unit.c(one - theme$axis.ticks.length, one), nticks),
+      x          = rep(unit.c(one - theme$axis.ticks.length.y.left, one), nticks),
       y          = rep(at, each = 2),
       id.lengths = rep(2, nticks))
   )
@@ -79,21 +104,21 @@ guide_axis <- function(at, labels, position = "right", theme) {
     top    = gtable_col("axis",
       grobs   = list(labels, ticks),
       width   = one,
-      heights = unit.c(grobHeight(labels), theme$axis.ticks.length)
+      heights = unit.c(grobHeight(labels), theme$axis.ticks.length.x.top)
     ),
     bottom = gtable_col("axis",
       grobs   = list(ticks, labels),
       width   = one,
-      heights = unit.c(theme$axis.ticks.length, grobHeight(labels))
+      heights = unit.c(theme$axis.ticks.length.x.bottom, grobHeight(labels))
     ),
     right  = gtable_row("axis",
       grobs   = list(ticks, labels),
-      widths  = unit.c(theme$axis.ticks.length, grobWidth(labels)),
+      widths  = unit.c(theme$axis.ticks.length.y.right, grobWidth(labels)),
       height  = one
     ),
     left   = gtable_row("axis",
       grobs   = list(labels, ticks),
-      widths  = unit.c(grobWidth(labels), theme$axis.ticks.length),
+      widths  = unit.c(grobWidth(labels), theme$axis.ticks.length.y.left),
       height  = one
     )
   )
diff --git a/R/theme-defaults.r b/R/theme-defaults.r
index 7719744360..876b5787e0 100644
--- a/R/theme-defaults.r
+++ b/R/theme-defaults.r
@@ -139,6 +139,12 @@ theme_grey <- function(base_size = 11, base_family = "",
     axis.text.y.right =  element_text(margin = margin(l = 0.8 * half_line / 2), hjust = 0),
     axis.ticks =         element_line(colour = "grey20"),
     axis.ticks.length =  unit(half_line / 2, "pt"),
+    axis.ticks.length.x = NULL,
+    axis.ticks.length.x.top = NULL,
+    axis.ticks.length.x.bottom = NULL,
+    axis.ticks.length.y = NULL,
+    axis.ticks.length.y.left = NULL,
+    axis.ticks.length.y.right = NULL,
     axis.title.x =       element_text(
                            margin = margin(t = half_line / 2),
                            vjust = 1
@@ -459,6 +465,12 @@ theme_void <- function(base_size = 11, base_family = "",
     axis.text =          element_blank(),
     axis.title =         element_blank(),
     axis.ticks.length =  unit(0, "pt"),
+    axis.ticks.length.x = NULL,
+    axis.ticks.length.x.top = NULL,
+    axis.ticks.length.x.bottom = NULL,
+    axis.ticks.length.y = NULL,
+    axis.ticks.length.y.left = NULL,
+    axis.ticks.length.y.right = NULL,
     legend.box =         NULL,
     legend.key.size =    unit(1.2, "lines"),
     legend.position =    "right",
@@ -528,6 +540,12 @@ theme_test <- function(base_size = 11, base_family = "",
     axis.text.y.right =  element_text(margin = margin(l = 0.8 * half_line / 2), hjust = 0),
     axis.ticks =         element_line(colour = "grey20"),
     axis.ticks.length =  unit(half_line / 2, "pt"),
+    axis.ticks.length.x = NULL,
+    axis.ticks.length.x.top = NULL,
+    axis.ticks.length.x.bottom = NULL,
+    axis.ticks.length.y = NULL,
+    axis.ticks.length.y.left = NULL,
+    axis.ticks.length.y.right = NULL,
     axis.title.x =       element_text(
                            margin = margin(t = half_line / 2),
                            vjust = 1
diff --git a/R/theme-elements.r b/R/theme-elements.r
index b343af54bd..247c4c868c 100644
--- a/R/theme-elements.r
+++ b/R/theme-elements.r
@@ -292,6 +292,12 @@ el_def <- function(class = NULL, inherit = NULL, description = NULL) {
   axis.text.y.left    = el_def("element_text", "axis.text.y"),
   axis.text.y.right   = el_def("element_text", "axis.text.y"),
   axis.ticks.length   = el_def("unit"),
+  axis.ticks.length.x = el_def("unit", "axis.ticks.length"),
+  axis.ticks.length.x.top = el_def("unit", "axis.ticks.length.x"),
+  axis.ticks.length.x.bottom = el_def("unit", "axis.ticks.length.x"),
+  axis.ticks.length.y  = el_def("unit", "axis.ticks.length"),
+  axis.ticks.length.y.left = el_def("unit", "axis.ticks.length.y"),
+  axis.ticks.length.y.right = el_def("unit", "axis.ticks.length.y"),
   axis.ticks.x        = el_def("element_line", "axis.ticks"),
   axis.ticks.x.top    = el_def("element_line", "axis.ticks.x"),
   axis.ticks.x.bottom = el_def("element_line", "axis.ticks.x"),
diff --git a/R/theme.r b/R/theme.r
index 16022f4a44..f9d461f1da 100644
--- a/R/theme.r
+++ b/R/theme.r
@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@
 #'   `axis.ticks.y.left`, `axis.ticks.y.right`). `axis.ticks.*.*` inherits from
 #'   `axis.ticks.*` which inherits from `axis.ticks`, which in turn inherits
 #'   from `line`
-#' @param axis.ticks.length length of tick marks (`unit`)
+#' @param axis.ticks.length,axis.ticks.length.x,axis.ticks.length.x.top,axis.ticks.length.x.bottom,axis.ticks.length.y,axis.ticks.length.y.left,axis.ticks.length.y.right
+#' length of tick marks (`unit`)
 #' @param axis.line,axis.line.x,axis.line.x.top,axis.line.x.bottom,axis.line.y,axis.line.y.left,axis.line.y.right
 #'   lines along axes ([element_line()]). Specify lines along all axes (`axis.line`),
 #'   lines for each plane (using `axis.line.x` or `axis.line.y`), or individually
@@ -192,12 +193,21 @@
 #' )
 #'
 #' # Axes ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+#' # Change styles of axes texts and lines
 #' p1 + theme(axis.line = element_line(size = 3, colour = "grey80"))
 #' p1 + theme(axis.text = element_text(colour = "blue"))
 #' p1 + theme(axis.ticks = element_line(size = 2))
-#' p1 + theme(axis.ticks.length = unit(.25, "cm"))
+#'
+#' # Change the appearance of the y-axis title
 #' p1 + theme(axis.title.y = element_text(size = rel(1.5), angle = 90))
 #'
+#' # Make ticks point outwards on y-axis and inwards on x-axis
+#' p1 + theme(
+#'   axis.ticks.length.y = unit(.25, "cm"),
+#'   axis.ticks.length.x = unit(-.25, "cm"),
+#'   axis.text.x = element_text(margin = margin(t = .3, unit = "cm"))
+#' )
+#'
 #' \donttest{
 #' # Legend --------------------------------------------------------------------
 #' p2 <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg)) +
@@ -275,6 +285,12 @@ theme <- function(line,
                   axis.ticks.y.left,
                   axis.ticks.y.right,
                   axis.ticks.length,
+                  axis.ticks.length.x,
+                  axis.ticks.length.x.top,
+                  axis.ticks.length.x.bottom,
+                  axis.ticks.length.y,
+                  axis.ticks.length.y.left,
+                  axis.ticks.length.y.right,
                   axis.line,
                   axis.line.x,
                   axis.line.x.top,
diff --git a/man/theme.Rd b/man/theme.Rd
index cc99c50f5b..2591925f4a 100644
--- a/man/theme.Rd
+++ b/man/theme.Rd
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ theme(line, rect, text, title, aspect.ratio, axis.title, axis.title.x,
   axis.text.x.bottom, axis.text.y, axis.text.y.left, axis.text.y.right,
   axis.ticks, axis.ticks.x, axis.ticks.x.top, axis.ticks.x.bottom,
   axis.ticks.y, axis.ticks.y.left, axis.ticks.y.right, axis.ticks.length,
+  axis.ticks.length.x, axis.ticks.length.x.top, axis.ticks.length.x.bottom,
+  axis.ticks.length.y, axis.ticks.length.y.left, axis.ticks.length.y.right,
   axis.line, axis.line.x, axis.line.x.top, axis.line.x.bottom, axis.line.y,
   axis.line.y.left, axis.line.y.right, legend.background, legend.margin,
   legend.spacing, legend.spacing.x, legend.spacing.y, legend.key,
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ for each axis (using \code{axis.ticks.x.bottom}, \code{axis.ticks.x.top},
 \code{axis.ticks.*} which inherits from \code{axis.ticks}, which in turn inherits
 from \code{line}}
 
-\item{axis.ticks.length}{length of tick marks (\code{unit})}
+\item{axis.ticks.length, axis.ticks.length.x, axis.ticks.length.x.top, axis.ticks.length.x.bottom, axis.ticks.length.y, axis.ticks.length.y.left, axis.ticks.length.y.right}{length of tick marks (\code{unit})}
 
 \item{axis.line, axis.line.x, axis.line.x.top, axis.line.x.bottom, axis.line.y, axis.line.y.left, axis.line.y.right}{lines along axes (\code{\link[=element_line]{element_line()}}). Specify lines along all axes (\code{axis.line}),
 lines for each plane (using \code{axis.line.x} or \code{axis.line.y}), or individually
@@ -252,7 +254,11 @@ p1 + theme(
 p1 + theme(axis.line = element_line(size = 3, colour = "grey80"))
 p1 + theme(axis.text = element_text(colour = "blue"))
 p1 + theme(axis.ticks = element_line(size = 2))
-p1 + theme(axis.ticks.length = unit(.25, "cm"))
+p1 + theme(
+           axis.ticks.length.y = unit(.25, "cm"),
+           axis.ticks.length.x = unit(-.25, "cm"),
+           axis.text.x=element_text(margin=margin(t=.3, unit="cm"))
+)
 p1 + theme(axis.title.y = element_text(size = rel(1.5), angle = 90))
 
 \donttest{
diff --git a/tests/figs/themes/ticks_length.svg b/tests/figs/themes/ticks_length.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54c82ae3b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/figs/themes/ticks_length.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
+<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' viewBox='0 0 504.00 504.00'>
+<defs>
+  <style type='text/css'><![CDATA[
+    line, polyline, path, rect, circle {
+      fill: none;
+      stroke: #000000;
+      stroke-linecap: round;
+      stroke-linejoin: round;
+      stroke-miterlimit: 10.00;
+    }
+  ]]></style>
+</defs>
+<rect width='100%' height='100%' style='stroke: none; fill: #FFFFFF;'/>
+<rect x='0.00' y='0.00' width='504.00' height='504.00' style='stroke-width: 1.07; stroke: #FFFFFF; fill: #FFFFFF;' />
+<defs>
+  <clipPath id='cpNDUuNDIwNHw0NTEuNDkzfDQ2OS4zMTl8MzQuNjgwOA=='>
+    <rect x='45.42' y='34.68' width='406.07' height='434.64' />
+  </clipPath>
+</defs>
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diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-theme.r b/tests/testthat/test-theme.r
index 4130bd03e4..68fb73b0bd 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test-theme.r
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-theme.r
@@ -354,6 +354,23 @@ test_that("axes can be styled independently", {
   expect_doppelganger("axes_styling", plot)
 })
 
+test_that("axes ticks can have independent lengths", {
+  plot <- ggplot() +
+    theme_test() +
+    geom_point(aes(1:10, 1:10)) +
+    scale_x_continuous(sec.axis = dup_axis()) +
+    scale_y_continuous(sec.axis = dup_axis()) +
+    theme(
+      axis.ticks.length.x.top = unit(-.5, "cm"),
+      axis.ticks.length.x.bottom = unit(-.25, "cm"),
+      axis.ticks.length.y.left = unit(.25, "cm"),
+      axis.ticks.length.y.right = unit(.5, "cm"),
+      axis.text.x.bottom = element_text(margin = margin(t = .5, unit = "cm")),
+      axis.text.x.top = element_text(margin = margin(b = .75, unit = "cm"))
+    )
+  expect_doppelganger("ticks_length", plot)
+})
+
 test_that("strips can be styled independently", {
   df <- data_frame(x = 1:2, y = 1:2)
   plot <- ggplot(df, aes(x, y)) +