[DeviceSanitizer] Add assertion to possible nullptr and die when trying to create shadow with unsupported device

[yingcong-wu]

Addresses #18333.

[yingcong-wu]

Looks like there are some infrastructure issues? I will try to re-trigger the CI later.

[yingcong-wu]

Hi @intel/llvm-gatekeepers , the SYCL Pre Commit on Windows / run_prebuilt_e2e_tests (Intel Battlemage Graphics with Level Zero, ["Windows","bmg"]) / Intel Battlemage Graphics with Level Zero (pull_request) Failing after 4m

Failed Tests (3):
SYCL :: Adapters/level_zero/ext_intel_cslice.cpp
SYCL :: Adapters/level_zero/ext_intel_queue_index.cpp
SYCL :: Adapters/sycl-ls-uuid-subdevs.cpp

Unexpectedly Passed Tests (5):
SYCL :: bindless_images/array/fetch_handle_carray2d.cpp
SYCL :: bindless_images/read_1D_O0.cpp
SYCL :: bindless_images/sampled_fetch/fetch_1D_O0.cpp
SYCL :: bindless_images/sampled_fetch/fetch_2D_O0.cpp
SYCL :: bindless_images/sampling_1D_O0.cpp

Testing Time: 180.85s

Total Discovered Tests: 2431
Unsupported : 1147 (47.18%)
Passed : 1265 (52.04%)
Expectedly Failed : 11 (0.45%)
Failed : 3 (0.12%)
Unexpectedly Passed: 5 (0.21%)

is tracked with #18576.

Please help merge this PR, thanks.