[libc][math][c23] implement C23 math function asinpif16

libc/config/linux/aarch64/entrypoints.txt

@@ -656,6 +656,7 @@ if(LIBC_TYPES_HAS_FLOAT16)
   list(APPEND TARGET_LIBM_ENTRYPOINTS
     # math.h C23 _Float16 entrypoints
     # libc.src.math.acoshf16
+    libc.src.math.asinpif16
     libc.src.math.canonicalizef16
     libc.src.math.ceilf16
     libc.src.math.copysignf16

libc/config/linux/x86_64/entrypoints.txt

@@ -690,6 +690,7 @@ if(LIBC_TYPES_HAS_FLOAT16)
     libc.src.math.acospif16
     libc.src.math.asinf16
     libc.src.math.asinhf16
+    libc.src.math.asinpif16
     libc.src.math.atanf16
     libc.src.math.atanhf16
     libc.src.math.canonicalizef16

libc/docs/headers/math/index.rst

@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ Higher Math Functions
 +-----------+------------------+-----------------+------------------------+----------------------+------------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+
 | asinh     | |check|          |                 |                        | |check|              |                        | 7.12.5.2               | F.10.2.2                   |
 +-----------+------------------+-----------------+------------------------+----------------------+------------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+
-| asinpi    |                  |                 |                        |                      |                        | 7.12.4.9               | F.10.1.9                   |
+| asinpi    |                  |                 |                        | |check|              |                        | 7.12.4.9               | F.10.1.9                   |
 +-----------+------------------+-----------------+------------------------+----------------------+------------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+
 | atan      | |check|          | 1 ULP           |                        | |check|              |                        | 7.12.4.3               | F.10.1.3                   |
 +-----------+------------------+-----------------+------------------------+----------------------+------------------------+------------------------+----------------------------+

libc/include/math.yaml

@@ -85,6 +85,13 @@ functions:
     return_type: double
     arguments:
       - type: double
+  - name: asinpif16
+    standards:
+      - stdc
+    return_type: _Float16
+    arguments:
+      - type: _Float16
+    guard: LIBC_TYPES_HAS_FLOAT16
   - name: atan2
     standards:
       - stdc

libc/src/math/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ add_math_entrypoint_object(asinh)
 add_math_entrypoint_object(asinhf)
 add_math_entrypoint_object(asinhf16)
 
+add_math_entrypoint_object(asinpif16)
+
 add_math_entrypoint_object(atan)
 add_math_entrypoint_object(atanf)
 add_math_entrypoint_object(atanf16)

libc/src/math/asinpif16.h

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//===-- Implementation header for asinpif16 ---------------------*- C++ -*-===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef LLVM_LIBC_SRC_MATH_ASINPIF16_H
+#define LLVM_LIBC_SRC_MATH_ASINPIF16_H
+
+#include "src/__support/macros/config.h"
+#include "src/__support/macros/properties/types.h"
+
+namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL {
+
+float16 asinpif16(float16 x);
+
+} // namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL
+
+#endif // LLVM_LIBC_SRC_MATH_ASINPIF16_H

libc/src/math/generic/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4001,6 +4001,25 @@ add_entrypoint_object(
     libc.src.__support.macros.properties.types
 )
 
+add_entrypoint_object(
+  asinpif16
+  SRCS
+    asinpif16.cpp
+  HDRS
+    ../asinpif16.h
+  DEPENDS
+    libc.hdr.errno_macros
+    libc.hdr.fenv_macros
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.cast
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.except_value_utils
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.fenv_impl
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.fp_bits
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.multiply_add
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.polyeval
+    libc.src.__support.FPUtil.sqrt
+    libc.src.__support.macros.optimization
+)
+
 add_entrypoint_object(
   atanhf
   SRCS

libc/src/math/generic/asinpif16.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+//===-- Half-precision asinpif16(x) function ------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "src/math/asinpif16.h"
+#include "hdr/errno_macros.h"
+#include "hdr/fenv_macros.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/FEnvImpl.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/FPBits.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/PolyEval.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/cast.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/except_value_utils.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/multiply_add.h"
+#include "src/__support/FPUtil/sqrt.h"
+#include "src/__support/macros/optimization.h"
+
+namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL {
+
+static constexpr float16 ONE_OVER_TWO = 0.5f16;
+
+#ifndef LIBC_MATH_HAS_SKIP_ACCURATE_PASS
+static constexpr size_t N_ASINFPI_EXCEPTS = 5;
+static constexpr float16 ONE_OVER_SIX = 0.166748046875f16;
+
+static constexpr fputil::ExceptValues<float16, N_ASINFPI_EXCEPTS>
+    ASINFPI_EXCEPTS{{
+        // (input_hex, RZ_output_hex, RU_offset, RD_offset, RN_offset)
+        // x = 0.0, asinfpi(0.0) = 0.0
+        {0x0000, 0x0000, 0, 0, 0},
+
+        // x = 1.0, asinfpi(1) = 1/2
+        {(fputil::FPBits<float16>(-1.0f16)).uintval(),
+         (fputil::FPBits<float16>(-ONE_OVER_TWO)).uintval(), 0, 0, 0},
+
+        // x = -1.0, asinfpi(-1.0) = -1/2
+        {(fputil::FPBits<float16>(-1.0f16)).uintval(),
+         (fputil::FPBits<float16>(-ONE_OVER_TWO)).uintval(), 0, 0, 0},
+
+        // x = 0.5, asinfpi(0.5) = 1/6
+        {(fputil::FPBits<float16>(0.5f16)).uintval(),
+         (fputil::FPBits<float16>(ONE_OVER_SIX)).uintval(), 0, 0, 0},
+
+        // x = -0.5, asinfpi(0.5) = -1/6
+        {(fputil::FPBits<float16>(-0.5f16)).uintval(),
+         (fputil::FPBits<float16>(-ONE_OVER_SIX)).uintval(), 0, 0, 0},
+
+    }};
+#endif // !LIBC_MATH_HAS_SKIP_ACCURATE_PASS
+
+LLVM_LIBC_FUNCTION(float16, asinpif16, (float16 x)) {
+  using FPBits = fputil::FPBits<float16>;
+
+  FPBits xbits(x);
+  uint16_t x_uint = xbits.uintval();
+  bool is_neg = static_cast<bool>(x_uint >> 15);
+  float16 x_abs = is_neg ? -x : x;
+
+  auto signed_result = [is_neg](auto r) -> auto { return is_neg ? -r : r; };
+
+  if (LIBC_UNLIKELY(x_abs > 1.0f16)) {
+    // aspinf16(NaN) = NaN
+    if (xbits.is_nan()) {
+      if (xbits.is_signaling_nan()) {
+        fputil::raise_except_if_required(FE_INVALID);
+        return FPBits::quiet_nan().get_val();
+      }
+      return x;
+    }
+
+    // 1 < |x| <= +/-inf
+    fputil::raise_except_if_required(FE_INVALID);
+    fputil::set_errno_if_required(EDOM);
+
+    return FPBits::quiet_nan().get_val();
+  }
+
+#ifndef LIBC_MATH_HAS_SKIP_ACCURATE_PASS
+  // exceptional values
+  if (auto r = ASINFPI_EXCEPTS.lookup(x_uint); LIBC_UNLIKELY(r.has_value()))
+    return r.value();
+#endif // !LIBC_MATH_HAS_SKIP_ACCURATE_PASS
+
+  // the coefficients for the polynomial approximation of asin(x)/pi in the
+  // range [0, 0.5] extracted using python-sympy
+  //
+  // Python code to generate the coefficients:
+  //  > from sympy import *
+  //  > import math
+  //  > x = symbols('x')
+  //  > print(series(asin(x)/math.pi, x, 0, 21))
+  //
+  // OUTPUT:
+  //
+  // 0.318309886183791*x + 0.0530516476972984*x**3 + 0.0238732414637843*x**5 +
+  // 0.0142102627760621*x**7 + 0.00967087327815336*x**9 +
+  // 0.00712127941391293*x**11 + 0.00552355646848375*x**13 +
+  // 0.00444514782463692*x**15 + 0.00367705242846804*x**17 +
+  // 0.00310721681820837*x**19 + O(x**21)
+  //
+  // it's very accurate in the range [0, 0.5] and has a maximum error of
+  // 0.0000000000000001 in the range [0, 0.5].
+  static constexpr float POLY_COEFFS[10] = {
+      0.318309886183791f,   // x^1
+      0.0530516476972984f,  // x^3
+      0.0238732414637843f,  // x^5
+      0.0142102627760621f,  // x^7
+      0.00967087327815336f, // x^9
+      0.00712127941391293f, // x^11
+      0.00552355646848375f, // x^13
+      0.00444514782463692f, // x^15
+      0.00367705242846804f, // x^17
+      0.00310721681820837f  // x^19
+  };
+
+  // polynomial evaluation using horner's method
+  // work only for |x| in [0, 0.5]
+  auto asinpi_polyeval = [](float xsq) -> float {
+    return fputil::polyeval(xsq, POLY_COEFFS[0], POLY_COEFFS[1], POLY_COEFFS[2],
+                            POLY_COEFFS[3], POLY_COEFFS[4], POLY_COEFFS[5],
+                            POLY_COEFFS[6], POLY_COEFFS[7], POLY_COEFFS[8],
+                            POLY_COEFFS[9]);
+  };
+
+  // if |x| <= 0.5:
+  if (LIBC_UNLIKELY(x_abs <= ONE_OVER_TWO)) {
+    // Use polynomial approximation of asin(x)/pi in the range [0, 0.5]
+    float16 xsq = x * x;
+    float result = x * asinpi_polyeval(xsq);
+    return fputil::cast<float16>(signed_result(result));
+  }
+
+  // If |x| > 0.5, we need to use the range reduction method:
+  //    y = asin(x) => x = sin(y)
+  //      because: sin(a) = cos(pi/2 - a)
+  //      therefore:
+  //    x = cos(pi/2 - y)
+  //      let z = pi/2 - y,
+  //    x = cos(z)
+  //      becuase: cos(2a) = 1 - 2 * sin^2(a), z = 2a, a = z/2
+  //      therefore:
+  //    cos(z) = 1 - 2 * sin^2(z/2)
+  //    sin(z/2) = sqrt((1 - cos(z))/2)
+  //    sin(z/2) = sqrt((1 - x)/2)
+  //      let u = (1 - x)/2
+  //      then:
+  //    sin(z/2) = sqrt(u)
+  //    z/2 = asin(sqrt(u))
+  //    z = 2 * asin(sqrt(u))
+  //    pi/2 - y = 2 * asin(sqrt(u))
+  //    y = pi/2 - 2 * asin(sqrt(u))
+  //    y/pi = 1/2 - 2 * asin(sqrt(u))/pi
+  //
+  // Finally, we can write:
+  //   asinpi(x) = 1/2 - 2 * asinpi(sqrt(u))
+  //     where u = (1 - x) /2
+  //             = 0.5 - 0.5 * x
+  //             = multiply_add(-0.5, x, 0.5)
+
+  float u = static_cast<float>(
+      fputil::multiply_add(-ONE_OVER_TWO, x_abs, ONE_OVER_TWO));
+  float u_sqrt = fputil::sqrt<float>(static_cast<float>(u));
+  float asinpi_sqrt_u = u_sqrt * asinpi_polyeval(u);
+  float result = fputil::multiply_add(-2.0f16, asinpi_sqrt_u, ONE_OVER_TWO);
+
+  return fputil::cast<float16>(signed_result(result));
+}
+
+} // namespace LIBC_NAMESPACE_DECL

libc/test/src/math/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2267,6 +2267,19 @@ add_fp_unittest(
     libc.src.math.asinf16  
 )
 
+add_fp_unittest(
+  asinpif16_test
+  NEED_MPFR
+  SUITE
+    libc-math-unittests
+  SRCS
+    asinpif16_test.cpp
+  DEPENDS
+  libc.src.math.fabs
+  libc.src.math.asinpif16  
+  libc.src.__support.FPUtil.fp_bits
+)
+
 add_fp_unittest(
   acosf_test
   NEED_MPFR

libc/test/src/math/asinpif16_test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+//===-- Unittests for asinpif16 -------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "src/math/asinpif16.h"
+#include "src/math/fabs.h"
+#include "test/UnitTest/FPMatcher.h"
+
+using LlvmLibcAsinpif16Test = LIBC_NAMESPACE::testing::FPTest<float16>;
+
+TEST_F(LlvmLibcAsinpif16Test, SpecialNumbers) {
+  using FPBits = LIBC_NAMESPACE::fputil::FPBits<float16>;
+
+  // zero
+  EXPECT_FP_EQ(0.0f16, LIBC_NAMESPACE::asinpif16(0.0f16));
+
+  // +/-1
+  EXPECT_FP_EQ(float16(0.5), LIBC_NAMESPACE::asinpif16(float16(1.0)));
+  EXPECT_FP_EQ(float16(-0.5), LIBC_NAMESPACE::asinpif16(float16(-1.0)));
+
+  // NaN inputs
+  EXPECT_FP_EQ(FPBits::quiet_nan().get_val(),
+               LIBC_NAMESPACE::asinpif16(FPBits::quiet_nan().get_val()));
+
+  EXPECT_FP_EQ(FPBits::quiet_nan().get_val(),
+               LIBC_NAMESPACE::asinpif16(FPBits::signaling_nan().get_val()));
+
+  // infinity inputs -> should return NaN
+  errno = 0;
+  EXPECT_FP_EQ(FPBits::quiet_nan().get_val(), LIBC_NAMESPACE::asinpif16(inf));
+  EXPECT_MATH_ERRNO(EDOM);
+
+  errno = 0;
+  EXPECT_FP_EQ(FPBits::quiet_nan().get_val(),
+               LIBC_NAMESPACE::asinpif16(neg_inf));
+  EXPECT_MATH_ERRNO(EDOM);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LlvmLibcAsinpif16Test, OutOfRange) {
+  using FPBits = LIBC_NAMESPACE::fputil::FPBits<float16>;
+
+  // Test values > 1
+  errno = 0;
+  EXPECT_FP_EQ(FPBits::quiet_nan().get_val(),
+               LIBC_NAMESPACE::asinpif16(float16(1.5)));
+  EXPECT_MATH_ERRNO(EDOM);
+
+  errno = 0;
+  EXPECT_FP_EQ(FPBits::quiet_nan().get_val(),
+               LIBC_NAMESPACE::asinpif16(float16(2.0)));
+  EXPECT_MATH_ERRNO(EDOM);
+
+  // Test values < -1
+  errno = 0;
+  EXPECT_FP_EQ(FPBits::quiet_nan().get_val(),
+               LIBC_NAMESPACE::asinpif16(float16(-1.5)));
+  EXPECT_MATH_ERRNO(EDOM);
+
+  errno = 0;
+  EXPECT_FP_EQ(FPBits::quiet_nan().get_val(),
+               LIBC_NAMESPACE::asinpif16(float16(-2.0)));
+  EXPECT_MATH_ERRNO(EDOM);
+
+  // Test maximum normal value (should be > 1 for float16)
+  errno = 0;
+  EXPECT_FP_EQ(FPBits::quiet_nan().get_val(),
+               LIBC_NAMESPACE::asinpif16(FPBits::max_normal().get_val()));
+  EXPECT_MATH_ERRNO(EDOM);
+}
+
+TEST_F(LlvmLibcAsinpif16Test, SymmetryProperty) {
+  // Test that asinpi(-x) = -asinpi(x)
+  constexpr float16 test_vals[] = {0.1f16, 0.25f16, 0.5f16, 0.75f16,
+                                   0.9f16, 0.99f16, 1.0f16};
+
+  for (float16 x : test_vals) {
+    if (x <= 1.0) {
+      float16 pos_result = LIBC_NAMESPACE::asinpif16(x);
+      float16 neg_result = LIBC_NAMESPACE::asinpif16(-x);
+
+      EXPECT_FP_EQ(pos_result,
+                   static_cast<float16>(LIBC_NAMESPACE::fabs(neg_result)));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(LlvmLibcAsinpif16Test, RangeValidation) {
+  // Test that output is always in [-0.5, 0.5] for valid inputs
+  constexpr int num_tests = 1000;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i <= num_tests; ++i) {
+    float16 t = -1.0f16 + (2.0f16 * static_cast<float16>(i)) /
+                              static_cast<float16>(num_tests);
+
+    if (LIBC_NAMESPACE::fabs(t) <= 1.0) {
+      float16 result = LIBC_NAMESPACE::asinpif16(t);
+
+      // should be in [-0.5, 0.5]
+      EXPECT_TRUE(result >= -0.5f16);
+      EXPECT_TRUE(result <= 0.5f16);
+    }
+  }
+}